On Saturday, Presiding Bishop Michael Curry preached in St. George's Chapel in Windsor the liturgy of Holy Matrimony of Meghan Markle and Prince Harry. Sentimentality came crashing in. And Bishop Curry has something to say about it.
I have done a lot of thinking about sentimentality and the Church over the past few years and feel strongly that it is a major land mine for us. We long for something meaningful in our lives so we go to church and then we try to turn everything about the Church into a sorority pledge song.
Or . . .
We leave the Church and hate the Church because it doesn’t give us enough of that warm-fuzzie-feel-good stuff we get from movies, pop songs, apple pie and popcorn.
So, I think the Church needs to step up to the mic and explain what the “love of Jesus Christ” is all about and differentiate that from gooey-feel-good kinds of love.
Oh, wait. Michael Curry just did that.
And all the world is a buzz this week about his sermon and all that it meant to all who heard it. Some have been fixated on their lack of understanding of his exposition on the images of “fire” and “raging flame” of the text on which he was preaching from the Song of Solomon (2:10-13; 8:6-7 ) which is one of the scripture choices for weddings in the Book of Common Prayer. The text the couple chose.
6Set me as a seal upon your heart, as a seal upon your arm; for love is strong as death, passion fierce as the grave. Its flashes are flashes of fire, a raging flame. 7Many waters cannot quench love.
I’m not sure why he lost his audience there. Or captured their hearts when talking about the “power of redemptive love,” a beautiful MLK quote, and clearly an easier topic to digest.
What no one is talking about however, is what he said about sentimentality, and I was struck by the many times he repeated statements like, “There's power in love. Don't underestimate it. Don't even over-sentimentalize it,” which he said in the sermon and later in an interview, “this is not just a sentimental thing, this is actually a way of life” the latter in the context of his explanation that his sermon was simply about love, the love of Jesus Christ.
I want to hear more from Bishop Curry about this.
I will be listening for it.
What follows is an excerpt from a paper I wrote in my doctoral coursework about sentimentality specific to liturgy and more specifically about our attitudes around the Holy Eucharist. I have so much more to say about this and hope I find time to blog more on sentimentality and the Church soon.
The parish that formed me in my youth was a church of about five hundred active United Methodists who were struggling with the social issues of the nineteen sixties and nineteen seventies. We struggled with issues such as civil rights, feminism, disability, sexuality and prayer in schools. We did this in small group discussions and Sunday School classes. We sometimes heard our preachers speak to these issues in the pulpit, though not very often.
As a young person, I witnessed a certain silliness come over the adults on high feast days. There was an added excitement with the increase in pageantry but the two did not meet, nor did either the mood or the liturgy connect with mission. I did not understand this at the time. I have come to understand it as a misplaced affection for the community itself, not motivation for faith in action.
Sentimental is a term first coined in the eighteenth century by Sterne in his book, A Sentimental Journey through France, in which he used the word to mean, specific to moral decision making, a “refined and tender feeling.” This is a description of the stature of a gentleman at the time, one who was capable of appreciating beauty and art.
Sentimentalism, since the early eighteenth century, has evolved from a description of the emotional side of humanity, “of persons, their dispositions and actions,” to a particular avoidable state of bing “addicted to indulgence in superficial emotion.” This change in meaning has been mostly due to philosophical arguments during the Age of Enlightenment.
During this era sentimentalism was a reaction to rationalism. While 18th-century rationalism corresponded with the development of the analytic mind as the basis for acquiring truth, sentimentalism hinged upon an intrinsic human capacity to feel and how this leads to truth. This was a somewhat different use of the term than describing beauty and art. The term became synonymous in the pre-Romantic era with sensibility, but other eighteenth century terms emerged like sentimentality in literature and Empfindsamkeit in music.
Tanner points out that the most famous use of the term is of Oscar Wilde’s attack of Lord Alfred Douglas.
The fact is that you were, and are I suppose still, a typical sentimentalist. For a sentimentalist is simply one who desires to have the luxury of an emotion without paying for it. . . . The intellectual and emotional life of ordinary people is a very contemptible affair. Just as they borrow their ideas from a sort of circulating library of thought - the Zeitgeist of and age that has no soul - and send them back soiled at the end of each week, so they always try to get their emotions on credit, and refuse to pay the bill when it comes in.
While admitting that Wilde’s use of the term was within a political attack and not academic, Tanner hails Wilde’s point as an exceptional use of the term. After defining sentimentality as either attached to a particular original object or dislocated from the same, Tanner states his belief that there is a tendency for us toward auto-generation of emotion. He contends that “it isn’t so much inappropriate strength or object that is in question, but a disturbing autonomy which retains the cachet, if any, of the emotion when it was in more or less proper relationship to its object, which may have been a perfectly worthy one.” He furthers his argument toward a definition of sentimentality as more than some sort of seeking of solace through reenactment of foregone good experiences or of bleating with remembrance of bad experiences, i.e. unrequited love, or jealousy.
Sentimentalism, when joined with religion has throughout history ended in distraction from mission at best and, at worst, violence. This is because of a certain clinging to the good old days. From worn out phrases like, “we’ve always done it that way” to scripturally based arguments in favor of slavery and against the empowerment of women, and now sexuality, sentimentalism keeps us complicit in sins of power abuse and oppression.
While writing this paper, I stopped to check my Facebook page and wandered into a video of a wedding proposal between two young adult counselors at a Christian camp for adolescents. I was moved to tears to watch these young people celebrate love in the dining hall of their summer camp. This home movie and my emotional reaction to it caused me to ask if this is not what people expect from participating in Christian assemblies which celebrate the eucharist. We long to be moved by the celebration of love in a familiar, perhaps verging on exclusive, shared place with people whom we assume hold shared interests. We participate in liturgical assemblies seeking solace through nostalgia rather than seeking to participate in the full community of Christ, a community that is commanded to serve the poor. We continue to segregate ourselves because of nostalgia into groups based on issues like sexuality, race, or guns.
Ian Barns, in his discussion of the threat of technology, suggests several “conditions for the development of moral selves capable of civic virtue.” One of these conditions is “embodied particularity.” Quoting MacIntyre he says: “One of the deep problems of modern conceptions of selfhood is that they seek to transcend particularity and to adopt a stance of disembodied universality - the disencumbered self.” Barns goes further to define the need for placement in membership of a particular historical community through which one is able to become “self.” Membership in such communities, he says, “produces the virtues of patience, courage, and resilience needed to navigate the passages of life that our mortal bodies are subject to.”
There is value in membership described here as particular embodiment. There is also value in understanding the disembodied self of post-modernity discussed here as a threat to the development of civic minded adults capable of moral decision making. I would add that Christian formation is at risk and, in fact, has been to some degree lost, because of such disembodiment. I find that overvaluation of such concepts of membership opposing any hope of oneness (John 17:21) for the church. I contend that the best way to form moral adults is through the imagination of inclusive practice of an eschatological understanding of the eucharist.
This eschatological eucharist is an embodiment of the Holy Spirit in the body of Christ as the community of believers, the church, the people who partake of the sacraments. We can do this without aesthetic sensibility as Murdoch describes The Good and the embodiment of The Good as inseparable from the embodiment of beauty, but clinging to old or longed for experiences of the embodiment of the parousia in the eucharist is a refusal to inspiration.
What Farwell calls a complex presence, God simultaneously present and absent, both Alpha and Omega, is more than a liturgical emphasis or expression. It is the sacramental moment. It is the eschatological eucharist.
Saliers also touches on this in a discussion on liturgy as art.
Human beings are formed religiously, liturgically, and aesthetically at the same time. Thus, any expression of religious faith in the gathering for praise of God requires a form of artistic embodiment, even if the plainest sort. . . . To put it bluntly, God is not adequately praised and adored with the showy, the pompous, the self-serving, the mawkish, the cleverly casual, or the thoughtlessly comfortable forms of art. . . . Liturgy is not a recital or for aesthetic enjoyment. It involves the art of self-presentation, and hence the character of faithfulness counts as part of the ‘aesthetic’ of the action.
Sentimentalist liturgy is this sort of insincere attempt of aesthetic showiness. So often well meaning Christians gather to try to recreate a feeling they had at some prior point in their lives, perhaps a childhood memory of Christmas eve or a mountain top experience from a spiritual retreat. Or they attempt the opposite, to avoid a negative experience of liturgy like boredom as a liturgically uneducated child or contempt for a preacher expounding theological ideas with which they disagreed when in graduate school. So they attempt to create a new and different liturgy that makes them feel right and in some way better about themselves. This is a failed attempt to imitate an aesthetic of the past. To err in the direction of emphasizing the future is a type of religious expression that is like a liturgical expression of zealous attempts to get into heaven.
Both types of liturgical expression miss the mark by emphasizing past or future. An eschatological understanding of the eucharistic feast as a meeting with the parousia, experientially in the moment would serve better to worship God in the art of self-presentation fully present and open to the presence of Christ.
Missional theology is a recent movement in the church that is espoused by many. Voices like Jones, Meyers and Koenig differ when discussing liturgy and mission. Jones posits that we should do away with traditional liturgy and space completely and focus mainly on forms of personal prayer. Meyers suggest we keep traditional liturgy but emphasize the collect and the dismissal over the eucharist as the center of sending forth. Koenig develops a poignant plea for us to renew table conversation away from electronics. Specifically trinitarian conversations during meals. Missional leaders are suggesting we form new and old Christians alike through relationship.
In our diocese we have focused on the work of Zscheile who argues that The Episcopal Church must move past enlightenment and establishment thinking into missional thinking. In order to do this, we must practice changing our language as means to changing our ideologies.
Rather than the church being focused on private spiritual needs, it can be a community of conversation and practice for the common good. This means gathering around the important questions and challenges of the day and interpreting them together in light of the biblical story, the Christian theological tradition, and the best thinking from various fields of human inquiry.
In this way, Zscheile holds that we can move past sentimentality, as well as the pursuit of individual enlightenment or feel-good sustenance, by pursuing shared ministry through open conversation. He does not believe we need to do this outside traditional celebrations of the eucharist. He contends that this is the way to gaining an awareness of what we might leave behind when we move toward this sort of open and shared way of being the church. We must name what we need to leave behind and then leave it.
I propose that we identify sentimentality as the main attitude we need to leave behind. If the church can return to inclusive common prayer then we might come to a place of true mission. As Williams succinctly puts it: “Sometimes, after receiving Holy Communion, as I look around a congregation, large or small, I have a sensation I can only sum up as this is it - this is the moment when people see one another and the world properly: when they are filled with the Holy Spirit and when they are equipped to go and do God’s work.” This is not a moment construed by our efforts to remain segregated to our own sentimental ways of worship and mission, it is a moment of openness to the Holy Spirit and willingness to listen anew to our calling as the assembly.